Measures and References: References: Learning Environment

Return to References: Learning Environment factor page.

Measures

Numerous measures exist to gain a full picture of a student's learning strengths and challenges. Following are examples of measures used to assess this Learner Factor. These measures should be administered and interpreted by experienced professionals.

Inventory of Parental Influence: (e.g., Campbell & Verna, 2007): Measures parents' perceptions of family processes, including pressuring children to achieve academically, providing psychological support at home, helping with schoolwork, emphasizing intellectual development, and monitoring time management.

References

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Bañales, J., Marchand, A. D., Skinner, O. D., Anyiwo, N., Rowley, S. J., & Kurtz‐Costes, B. (2020). Black adolescents' critical reflection development: Parents' racial socialization and attributions about race achievement gaps. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 30, 403-417.

Bartel, K. A., Gradisar, M., & Williamson, P. (2015). Protective and risk factors for adolescent sleep: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 21, 72-85.

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Campbell, J. R. (1994). Developing cross-cultural/cross-national instruments: Using cross-national methods and procedures. International Journal of Educational Research, 21(7), 675-684.

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