Measures and References: References: Short-term Memory

Return to References: Short-term Memory factor page.

Measures

Numerous measures exist to gain a full picture of a student's learning strengths and challenges. Following are examples of measures used to assess this Learner Factor. These measures should be administered and interpreted by experienced professionals.

Working Memory Battery Test for Children: (WMBC) (Pickering & Gathercole, 2001): Includes a number of tasks that assess how quickly and accurately individuals retain information for immediate recall. For example, in digit span tasks, individuals listen to and immediately recall a series of digits, and in block recall tasks, individuals recall the sequence of a set of blocks. Higher scores on these tasks indicate greater Short-term Memory capacity

Children's Memory Scale (CMS): (Cohen, 1997): Assesses Long- and Short-term Memory in verbal, visual, and attention/concentration domains in students aged five to 16

Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL): (Reynolds & Voress, 2007): Measures verbal, nonverbal, and composite memory in people aged five to 59

References

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Alloway, T. P., & Alloway, R. G. (2010). Investigating the predictive roles of working memory and IQ in academic attainment. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 106(1), 20-29.

Astle, D. E., & Scerif, G. (2011). Interactions between attention and visual short-term memory (VSTM): What can be learnt from individual and developmental differences?. Neuropsychologia, 49(6), 1435-1445.

Bauer, R. H., & Peller-Porth, V. (1990). The effect of increased incentive on free recall by learning-disabled and nondisabled children. The Journal of General Psychology, 117(4), 447-461.

Bjorklund D. F. & Causey K. B. (2017). Children's thinking: cognitive development and individual differences (Sixth). SAGE Publications.

Bourke, L., Davies, S. J., Sumner, E., & Green, C. (2014). Individual differences in the development of early writing skills: Testing the unique contribution of visuo-spatial working memory. Reading and Writing, 27(2), 315-335.

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Cohen, M. J. (1997). Examiner's manual: Children's Memory Scale. Harcourt Brace & Company.

Conti‐Ramsden, G., & Durkin, K. (2007). Phonological short‐term memory, language and literacy: developmental relationships in early adolescence in young people with SLI. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(2), 147-156.

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