Measures and References: References: Speed of Processing

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Measures

Numerous measures exist to gain a full picture of a student's learning strengths and challenges. Following are examples of measures used to assess this Learner Factor. These measures should be administered and interpreted by experienced professionals.

Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities: (Schrank, Mather, & McGrew, 2014): Contains three subtests that examine Speed of Processing: Number-Pattern Matching, Pair Cancellation, and Letter-Pattern Matching.

References

Cepeda, N. J., Blackwell, K. A., & Munakata, Y. (2013). Speed isn't everything: Complex processing speed measures mask individual differences and developmental changes in executive control. Developmental Science, 16(2), 269-286.

Clark, C. A., Nelson, J. M., Garza, J., Sheffield, T. D., Wiebe, S. A., & Espy, K. A. (2014). Gaining control: changing relations between executive control and processing speed and their relevance for mathematics achievement over the course of the preschool period. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 107.

Fawcett, A. J., & Nicolson, R. I. (2017). Speed of processing, motor skill, automaticity and dyslexia. Dyslexia in Children, 157-190.

Forchelli, G. A., Vuijk, P. J., Colvin, M. K., Ward, A. K., Koven, M. R., Dews, A., ... & Braaten, E. B. (2022). What is a processing speed weakness? Importance of cognitive ability when defining processing speed in a child psychiatric population. Child Neuropsychology, 28(2), 266-286.

Fry, A., & Hale, S. (1996). Processing speed, working memory, and fluid intelligence: Evidence for developmental cascade. Psychological Science, 7(4), 237-241.

Helfinstein, S. M., Kirwan, M. L., Benson, B. E., Hardin, M. G., Pine, D. S., Ernst, M., & Fox, N. A. (2013). Validation of a child-friendly version of the monetary incentive delay task. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(6), 720-726.

Jacobson, L. A., Ryan, M., Martin, R. B., Ewen, J., Mostofsky, S. H., Denckla, M. B., & Mahone, E. M. (2011). Working memory influences processing speed and reading fluency in ADHD. Child Neuropsychology, 17(3), 209-224.

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Kail, R. V. (2007). Longitudinal evidence that increases in processing speed and working memory enhance children's reasoning. Psychological Science, 18(4), 312-313.

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