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Numerous measures exist to gain a full picture of a student's learning strengths and challenges. Following are examples of measures used to assess this Learner Factor. These measures should be administered and interpreted by experienced professionals.
Test of Auditory Processing Skills (Martin, Brownell & Hamaguchi, 2018): Assesses Auditory Processing skills including auditory attention, auditory memory, and phonological skills for students four to 18 years old.
Brandwein, A. B., Foxe, J. J., Butler, J. S., Frey, H. P., Bates, J. C., Shulman, L. H., & Molholm, S. (2015). Neurophysiological indices of atypical auditory processing and multisensory integration are associated with symptom severity in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(1), 230-244.
Fostick, L., & Revah, H. (2018). Dyslexia as a multi-deficit disorder: Working memory and auditory temporal processing. Acta Psychologica, 183, 19-28.
Gu, C., & Bi, H.-Y. (2020). Auditory processing deficit in individuals with dyslexia: A meta-analysis of mismatch negativity. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 116, 396-405.
Hamalainen, J. A., Salminen, H. K., & Leppanen, P. H. (2013). Basic auditory processing deficits in dyslexia: Systematic review of the behavioral and event-related potential/field evidence. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 46(5), 413-427.
Martin, N., & Brownell, R. (2005). Test of Auditory Processing Skills. Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications.
McIntosh, D. N., Miller, L. J., Shyu, J., & Dunn, W. (1999). Short Sensory Profile. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Murphy, C. F. B., Pontes, F., Stivanin, L., Picoli, E., & Schochat, E. (2012). Auditory processing in children and adolescents in situations of risk and vulnerability [Processamento auditivo em crianças e adolescentes em situaçao de risco e vulnerabilidade]._ Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 130_(3), 151-158.
Poldrack, R. A., Temple, E., Protopapas, A., Nagarajan, S., Tallal, P., Merzenich, M., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2001). Relations between the neural bases of dynamic auditory processing and phonological processing: Evidence from fMRI. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(5), 687-697.
Shinn-Cunningham, B. G. (2008). Object-based auditory and visual attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(5), 182-186.
Zatorre, R. J., & Belin, P. (2001). Spectral and temporal processing in human auditory cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 11(10), 946-953.