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Numerous measures exist to gain a full picture of a student's learning strengths and challenges. Following are examples of measures used to assess this Learner Factor. These measures should be administered and interpreted by experienced professionals.
Stroop test (Stroop, 1935): Respondents are shown color words (e.g., "RED") written in different colored fonts. The task is to name the font color of the word and not to read the word itself. When the font color matches the word, the trial is congruent, but when the color doesn't match the word, this is incongruent. The difference between the incongruent and congruent trials serve as a measure of Inhibition.
Ahmadi, A., Pearlson, G. D., Meda, S. A., Dager, A., Potenza, M. N., Rosen, R., … Stevens, M. C. (2013). Influence of alcohol use on neural response to Go/No-Go task in college drinkers. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38(11), 2197-2208.
Aite, A., Berthoz, A., Vidal, J., Roell, M., Zaoui, M., Houde, O., & Borst, G. (2016). Taking a third-person perspective requires inhibitory control: Evidence from a developmental negative priming study. Child Development, 87(6), 1825-1840.
Anderson, M. C., Green, C., & McCulloch, K. C. (2000). Similarity and inhibition in long-term memory: Evidence for a two-factor theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(5), 1141-1159.
Benedek, M., Jauk, E., Sommer, M., Arendasy, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2014). Intelligence, creativity, and cognitive control: The common and differential involvement of executive functions in intelligence and creativity. Intelligence, 46(1), 73-83.
Camarda, A., Borst, G., Agogue, M., Habib, M., Weil, B., Houde, O., & Cassotti, M. (2018). Do we need inhibitory control to be creative? Evidence from a dual-task paradigm. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 12(3), 351-358.
Cassotti, M., Agogue, M., Camarda, A., Houde, O., & Borst, G. (2016). Inhibitory control as a core process of creative problem solving and idea generation from childhood to adulthood. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2016(151), 61-72.
Chiappe, P., Hasher, L., & Siegel, L. S. (2000). Working memory, inhibitory control, and reading disability. Memory and Cognition, 28(1), 8-17.
Declerck, M., & Philipp, A. M. (2015). A review of control processes and their locus in language switching. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(6), 1630-1645.
Gabay, Y., Gabay, S., Schiff, R., & Henik, A. (2020). Visual and auditory interference control of attention in developmental dyslexia. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 26(4), 407-417.
Gajewski, P. D., Falkenstein, M., Thones, S., & Wascher, E. (2020). Stroop task performance across the lifespan: High cognitive reserve in older age is associated with enhanced proactive and reactive interference control. NeuroImage, 207(116430), 1-14.
Gilmore, C., Keeble, S., Richardson, S., & Cragg, L. (2015). The role of cognitive inhibition in different components of arithmetic. Zdm, 47(5), 771-782.
Ginton, A., Urca, G., & Lubow, R. E. (1975). The effects of preexposure to a nonattended stimulus on subsequent learning: Latent inhibition in adults. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 5(1), 5-8.
Goudriaan, A. E., Grekin, E. R., & Sher, K. J. (2011). Decision making and response inhibition as predictors of heavy alcohol use: A prospective study. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(6), 1050-1057.
Hofmann, W., Schmeichel, B. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2012). Executive functions and self-regulation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(3), 174-180.
Lijffijt, M., Kenemans, J. L., Verbaten, M. N., & Van Engeland, H. (2005). A meta-analytic review of stopping performance in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: Deficient inhibitory motor control? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(2), 216-222.
Mano, Q. R., Williamson, B. J., Pae, H. K., & Osmon, D. C. (2016). Stroop interference associated with efficient reading fluency and prelexical orthographic processing. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 38(3), 275-283.
Nigg, J. T., Butler, K. M., Huang-Pollock, C. L., & Henderson, J. M. (2002). Inhibitory processes in adults with persistent childhood onset ADHD. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 153.
Proulx, M. J., & Elmasry, H. M. (2015). Stroop interference in adults with dyslexia. Neurocase, 21(4), 413-417.
Quinn, K. (2018). Cognitive effects of social media use: A case of older adults. Social Media & Society, 4(3), 1-9.
Rey-Mermet, A., & Gade, M. (2018). Inhibition in aging: What is preserved? What declines? A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 25(5), 1695-1716.
Rossi, S., Vidal, J., Letang, M., Houde, O., & Borst, G. (2019). Adolescents and adults need inhibitory control to compare fractions. Journal of Numerical Cognition, 5(3), 314-336.
Sibley, B. A., Etnier, J. L., & Le Masurier, G. C. (2006). Effects of an acute bout of exercise on cognitive aspects of Stroop performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(3), 285-299.
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662.
Viskontas, I. V., Morrison, R. G., Holyoak, K. J., Hummel, J. E., & Knowlton, B. J. (2004). Relational integration, inhibition, and analogical reasoning in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 19(4), 581-591.
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