Return to References: Learning Environment factor page.
Numerous measures exist to gain a full picture of a student's learning strengths and challenges. Following are examples of measures used to assess this Learner Factor. These measures should be administered and interpreted by experienced professionals.
Inventory of Parental Influence: (e.g., Campbell & Verna, 2007): Measures parents' perceptions of family processes, including pressuring children to achieve academically, providing psychological support at home, helping with schoolwork, emphasizing intellectual development, and monitoring time management.
Bañales, J., Hope, E. C., Rowley, S. J., & Cryer‐Coupet, Q. R. (2021). Raising justice‐minded youth: Parental ethnic‐racial and political socialization and Black youth's critical consciousness. Journal of Social Issues, 77(4), 964-986.
Bañales, J., Marchand, A. D., Skinner, O. D., Anyiwo, N., Rowley, S. J., & Kurtz‐Costes, B. (2020). Black adolescents' critical reflection development: Parents' racial socialization and attributions about race achievement gaps. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 30, 403-417.
Bartel, K. A., Gradisar, M., & Williamson, P. (2015). Protective and risk factors for adolescent sleep: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 21, 72-85.
Benner, A. D., Boyle, A. E., & Sadler, S. (2016). Parental involvement and adolescents' educational success: The roles of prior achievement and socioeconomic status. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 1053-1064.
Bouldin, E., Patel, S. R., Tey, C. S., White, M., Alfonso, K. P., & Govil, N. (2021). Bullying and children who are deaf or hard‐of‐hearing: A scoping review. The Laryngoscope, 131(8), 1884-1892.
Brown, C. L. (2011). Maintaining heritage language: Perspectives of Korean parents. Multicultural Education, 19(1), 31-37.
Campbell, J. R. (1994). Developing cross-cultural/cross-national instruments: Using cross-national methods and procedures. International Journal of Educational Research, 21(7), 675-684.
Castles, A., Rastle, K., & Nation, K. (2018). Ending the reading wars: Reading acquisition from novice to expert. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 19(1), 5-51.
Chen, P., Zhang, J., Li, H., & Fu, M. (2021). Relationships between parenting behaviors and adolescents' creativity in China: The mediating role of autonomous motivation. The Journal of Psychology, 155(5), 457-472.
Chondrogianni, V., & Daskalaki, E. (2023). Heritage language use in the country of residence matters for language maintenance, but short visits to the homeland can boost heritage language outcomes. Frontiers in Language Sciences, 2, 1230408.
Claussen, A. H., Holbrook, J. R., Hutchins, H. J., Robinson, L. R., Bloomfield, J., Meng, L., ... & Kaminski, J. W. (2022). All in the family? A systematic review and meta-analysis of parenting and family environment as risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Prevention Science, 1-23.
Engels, R. C., Deković, M., & Meeus, W. (2002). Parenting practices, social skills and peer relationships in adolescence. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 30(1), 3-17.
Ferjan Ramirez, N. (2013). Acquiring a first language in adolescence: Behavioral and neuroimaging studies in American Sign Language (Doctoral dissertation, UC San Diego).
Gann, C., & Carpenter, D. (2019). STEM educational activities and the role of the parent in the home education of high school students. Educational Review, 71(2), 166-181.
Gonzalez-DeHass, A. R., Willems, P. P., & Holbein, M. F. D. (2005). Examining the relationship between parental involvement and student motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 17, 99-123.
Gottfried, A. E., Preston, K. S. J., Gottfried, A. W., Oliver, P. H., Delany, D. E., & Ibrahim, S. M. (2016). Pathways from parental stimulation of children's curiosity to high school science course accomplishments and science career interest and skill. International Journal of Science Education, 38(12), 1972-1995.
Griffith, J. M., & Hankin, B. L. (2021). Affective benefits of parental engagement with adolescent positive daily life experiences. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50, 2036-2051.
Haimovitz, K., & Dweck, C. S. (2017). The origins of children's growth and fixed mindsets: New research and a new proposal. Child Development, 88(6), 1849-1859.
Henner, J., Caldwell-Harris, C. L., Novogrodsky, R., & Hoffmeister, R. (2016). American Sign Language syntax and analogical reasoning skills are influenced by early acquisition and age of entry to signing schools for the deaf. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1982.
Hill, N. E., Witherspoon, D. P., & Bartz, D. (2018). Parental involvement in education during middle school: Perspectives of ethnically diverse parents, teachers, and students. The Journal of Educational Research, 111(1), 12-27.
Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenson, H. C., & Spicer, P. (2006). Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices: a review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 747.
Le, T. U., Johnson, S. K., & Lerner, J. V. (2023). Exploring moderators of the relationship between adolescents' social responsibility and civic actions. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 33(2), 391-405.
Kahn, J. A., Huang, B., Gillman, M. W., Field, A. E., Austin, S. B., Colditz, G. A., & Frazier, A. L. (2008). Patterns and determinants of physical activity in US adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42(4), 369-377.
Karahan, E., & Roehrig, G. (2015). Constructing media artifacts in a social constructivist environment to enhance students' environmental awareness and activism. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24, 103-118.
Krashen, S. (2013). Access to books and time to read versus the Common Core State Standards and tests. English Journal, 103(2), 21-29.
Lansford, J. E., Zietz, S., Al-Hassan, S. M., Bacchini, D., Bornstein, M. H., Chang, L., ... & Alampay, L. P. (2021). Culture and social change in mothers' and fathers' individualism, collectivism and parenting attitudes. Social Sciences, 10(12), 459.
Lee, T. S. (2007). Connecting academics, indigenous knowledge, and commitment to community: High school students' perceptions of a community-based education. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 30(2).
Liang, F. (2018). Parental perceptions toward and practices of heritage language maintenance: focusing on the United States and Canada. International Journal of Language Studies, 12(2), 65-86.
Magnuson, K., Duncan, G. J., & Kalil, A. (2006). The contribution of middle childhood contexts to adolescent achievement and behavior. Developmental contexts in middle childhood: Bridges to adolescence and adulthood, 150-172.
Mansour, M., & Martin, A. J. (2009). Home, parents, and achievement motivation: A study of key home and parental factors that predict student motivation and engagement. The Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 26(2), 111-126.
Mejía-Arauz, R., Rogoff, B., Dayton, A., & Henne-Ochoa, R. (2018). Collaboration or negotiation: Two ways of interacting suggest how shared thinking develops. Current Opinion in Psychology, 23, 117-123.
Milian, M. (1999). Schools and family involvement: Attitudes among Latinos who have children with visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 93(5), 277-290.
Milne, E. (2016). “I Have the Worst Fear of Teachers”: Moments of Inclusion and Exclusion in Family/School Relationships among Indigenous Families in Southern Ontario. Canadian Sociological Association/La Societe Canadienne de Sociologie , 53(3), 270-289.
Mo, Y., & Singh, K. (2008). Parents' relationships and involvement: Effects on students' school engagement and performance. RMLE online, 31(10), 1-11.
Molnar, B. E., Gortmaker, S. L., Bull, F. C., & Buka, S. L. (2004). Unsafe to play? Neighborhood disorder and lack of safety predict reduced physical activity among urban children and adolescents. American Journal of Health Promotion, 18(5), 378-386.
Nichols, T. M., Kotchick, B. A., McNamara Barry, C., & Haskins, D. G. (2010). Understanding the educational aspirations of African American adolescents: Child, family, and community factors. Journal of Black Psychology, 36(1), 25-48.
Niklas, F., Nguyen, C., Cloney, D. S., Tayler, C., & Adams, R. (2016). Self-report measures of the home learning environment in large scale research: Measurement properties and associations with key developmental outcomes. Learning Environments Research, 19, 181-202.
Oram, R., Ryan, J., Rogers, M., & Heath, N. (2017). Emotion regulation and academic perceptions in adolescence. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 22(2), 162-173.
Ruck, M. D., Hughes, D. L., & Niwa, E. Y. (2021). Through the looking glass: Ethnic racial socialization among children and adolescents. Journal of Social Issues, 77(4), 943-963
Ryan, F. (2011). Kanyininpa (Holding): A way of nurturing children in Aboriginal Australia. Australian Social Work, 64(2), 183-197.
Saavedra, J. A., Matriano, R., Yoo, H. C., & White, R. M. (2023). Familial critical consciousness socialization: How key family theories can expand racial‐ethnic socialization research among Asian American families. Journal of Family Theory & Review.
Sammons, P., Toth, K., Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Siraj, I., & Taggart, B. (2015). The long-term role of the home learning environment in shaping students' academic attainment in secondary school. Journal of Children's Services, 10(3), 189-201.
Schmiedeler, S., Niklas, F., & Schneider, W. (2014). Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and home learning environment (HLE): findings from a longitudinal study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 29, 467-482.
Sheldon, S. B., & Epstein, J. L. (2005). Involvement counts: Family and community partnerships and mathematics achievement. The Journal of Educational Research, 98(4), 196-207.
Starr, C. R., & Simpkins, S. D. (2021). High school students' math and science gender stereotypes: relations with their STEM outcomes and socializers' stereotypes. Social Psychology of Education, 24, 273-298.
Uslu, F., & Gizir, S. (2017). School belonging of adolescents: The role of teacher-student relationships, peer relationships and family involvement. Educational Sciences-Theory & Practice, 17(1).
Xia, M., Fosco, G. M., & Feinberg, M. E. (2016). Examining reciprocal influences among family climate, school attachment, and academic self-regulation: Implications for school success. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(4), 442.