Measures and References: References: Vision

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Measures

Numerous measures exist to gain a full picture of a student's learning strengths and challenges. Following are examples of measures used to assess this Learner Factor. These measures should be administered and interpreted by experienced professionals.

Vision Screening: (American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2014): Assesses visual acuity using an eye chart, where the student identifies letters with both eyes and each eye individually at varying distances

Extensive Vision Evaluations: (American Optometric Association, 2019): Thoroughly test all aspects of Vision, including tests of visual field, binocular vision, convergence, and accommodation

References

American Optometric Association. (2019). Limitations of Vision Screening Programs. Retrieved from: https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/caring-for-your-vision/comprehensive-eye-and-vision-examination/limitations-of-vision-screening-programs?sso=y

Basch, C. E. (2011). Vision and the achievement gap among urban minority youth. Journal of School Health, 81(10), 599-605.

Bullier, J. (2001). Integrated model of visual processing. Brain Research Reviews, 36(2-3), 96-107.

Desimone, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18(1), 193-222.

Glewwe, P., Park, A., & Zhao, M. (2016). A better vision for development: Eyeglasses and academic performance in rural primary schools in China. Journal of Development Economics, 122, 170-182.

Gudgel, D. (2014). Eye Screening for children. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Retrieved from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/children-eye-screening

Jessup, G., Bundy, A. C., Broom, A., & Hancock, N. (2018). Fitting in or feeling excluded: The experiences of high school students with visual impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 112(3), 261–273.

Lieberman, L. J., & McHugh, E. (2001). Health-related fitness of children who are visually impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 95(5), 272-287.

Rosner, J., & Rosner, J. (1987). Comparison of visual characteristics in children with and without learning difficulties. Optometry & Vision Science, 64(7), 531-533.

Ungar, S., Blades, M., & Spencer, C. (1996). The construction of cognitive maps by children with visual impairments. In The Construction of Cognitive Maps (pp. 247-273). Springer, Dordrecht.

Verweyen, P. (2004). Measuring vision in children. Community Eye Health, 17(50), 27-29.