Being immersed in the learning environment can also improve Attention, Working Memory, transfer to Long-term Memory, and support the development of a Learner Mindset.
Gupta, A. (2019). Principles and practices of teaching English Language Learners. International Education Studies, 12(7), 49-57.
Chaffin, A. J., & Harlow, S. D. (2005). Cognitive learning applied to older adult learners and technology. Educational Gerontology, 31(4), 301-329.
A learner's Civic Mindedness involves seeing oneself as a contributor to their community, being informed and empowered to help or include others, and eventually joining with others to achieve common goals for the community.
Meaningful visuals support learners' recognition of essential information, and providing a visual cue enhances a learner's ability to accurately retrieve the content associated with the visual.
Linares, R. E. (2019). Meaningful writing opportunities: Write‐alouds and dialogue journaling with newcomer and English learner high schoolers. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 62(5), 521–530.
Barac, R., Bialystok, E., Castro, D. C., & Sanchez, M. (2014). The cognitive development of young dual language learners: A critical review. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(4), 699-714.
Madrigal-Hopes, D. L., Villavicencio, E., Foote, M. M., & Green, C. (2014). Transforming English language learners' work readiness: Case studies in explicit, work-specific vocabulary instruction. Adult Learning, 25(2), 47-56.
In discussions, reading, and writing, instructors can provide explicit vocabulary instruction and give learners multiple opportunities to see, understand, and apply new words, as well as chances to use strategies for identifying unfamiliar words.
Spaced practice will likely feel more effortful and less effective for learners than typical “massed” learning, so it is important that they understand that this “desirable difficulty” is intentional and will ultimately benefit them by creating more durable knowledge.