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The benefits of physical health go beyond our bodies—our cognitive skills also improve with physical fitness and well-being. Physical Well-being involves proper nutrition, regular exercise, and quality Sleep. Students with good overall Physical Well-being benefit from improved cognitive skills and emotional wellbeing which in turn can boost academic performance. Despite the importance of physical activity in adolescence, there is some evidence to suggest that it tends to decrease during this time. In addition, Physical Well-being, including exercise, may be particularly important for those learners with ADHD as it can support cognition, mood, and focus.
Physical Well-being is dependent on several important components:
Adolescents experience many physical, cognitive, and social-emotional changes triggered by the beginning of puberty. Their Physical Well-being can also impact the timing of puberty which may be delayed by nutritional deficiencies, or start earlier in girls who are obese. Physical Well-being is also tightly intertwined with psychological well-being (see Emotion). Each can have a significant impact on the other, and this interplay ultimately defines a student's overall health. For example, stress can lead to increased levels of stress hormones, high blood pressure, obesity, and other negative effects. However, physical activity can promote wellness and academic achievement, because learners who are given the opportunity to be physically active are often more alert following exercise. This can lead to increased Attention and memory, and may boost cognitive functioning more generally. Schools and educators can support students' Physical Well-being by providing healthy food options, opportunities and education around the benefits of physical activity, and supporting students' social and emotional well-being.