Return to References: Physical Well-being factor page.
Numerous measures exist to gain a full picture of a student's learning strengths and challenges. Following are examples of measures used to assess this Learner Factor. These measures should be administered and interpreted by experienced professionals.
No measures currently provided for this factor.
2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. (2018). 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018.
Adolphus, K., Lawton, C. L., & Dye, L. (2013). The effects of breakfast on behavior and academic performance in children and adolescents. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 425.
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Berchicci, M., Pontifex, M. B., Drollette, E. S., Pesce, C., Hillman, C. H., & Di Russo, F. (2015). From cognitive motor preparation to visual processing: The benefits of childhood fitness to brain health. Neuroscience, 298, 211-219.
Berwid, O. G., & Halperin, J. M. (2012). Emerging support for a role of exercise in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder intervention planning. Current Psychiatry Reports, 14, 543-551.
Bidzan-Bluma, I., & Lipowska, M. (2018). Physical activity and cognitive functioning of children: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(4), 800.
Blom, L. C., Alvarez, J., Zhang, L., & Kolbo, J. (2011). Associations between health-related physical fitness, academic achievement and selected academic behaviors of elementary and middle school students in the state of Mississippi. ICHPER-SD Journal Of Research, 6(1), 13-19.
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Burke, P., & Elliott, M. (1999). Depression in pediatric chronic illness: A diathesis-stress model. Psychosomatics, 40(1), 5-17.
Cadenas-Sanchez, C., Migueles, J. H., Esteban-Cornejo, I., Mora-Gonzalez, J., Henriksson, P., Rodriguez-Ayllon, M., & Ortega, F. B. (2020). Fitness, physical activity and academic achievement in overweight/obese children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(7), 731-740.
Cappuccio, F. P., Taggart, F. M., Kandala, N., Currie, A., Peile, E., Stranges, S., & Miller, M. A. (2008). Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep, 31(5), 619-626.
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Castelli, D. M., Hillman, C. H., Buck, S. M., & Erwin, H. E. (2007). Physical fitness and academic achievement in third-and fifth-grade students. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(2), 239-252.
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Chen, E., Matthews, K. A., & Boyce, W. T. (2002). Socioeconomic differences in children's health: how and why do these relationships change with age?. Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 295.
Coe, D. P., Pivarnik, J. M., Womack, C. J., Reeves, M. J., & Malina, R. M. (2006). Effect of physical education and activity levels on academic achievement in children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(8), 1515-1519.
Davis, C. L., Tomporowski, P. D., McDowell, J. E., Austin, B. P., Miller, P. H., Yanasak … J.D., Naglieri, J. A. (2011). Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: A randomized, controlled trial. Health Psychology, 30(1), 91-98.
De Greeff, J. W., Bosker, R. J., Oosterlaan, J., Visscher, C., & Hartman, E. (2018). Effects of physical activity on executive functions, attention and academic performance in preadolescent children: a meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(5), 501-507.
Etnier, J. L., Sprick, P. M., Labban, J. D., Shih, C. H., Glass, S. M., & Vance, J. C. (2020). Effects of an aerobic fitness test on short-and long-term memory in elementary-aged children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(19), 2264-2272.
Eveland-Sayers, B. M., Farley, R. S., Fuller, D. K., Morgan, D. W., & Caputo, J. L. (2009). Physical fitness and academic achievement in elementary school children. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 6(1), 99-104.
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Grantham‐McGregor, S. M., Fernald, L. C., Kagawa, R. M., & Walker, S. (2014). Effects of integrated child development and nutrition interventions on child development and nutritional status. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1308(1), 11-32.
Hopkins, W. G., Gaeta, H., Thomas, A. C., & Hill, P. N. (1987). Physical fitness of blind and sighted children. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 56(1), 69-73.
Howard, L. L. (2011). Transitions between food insecurity and food security predict children's social skill development during elementary school. British Journal of Nutrition, 105(12), 1852-1860.
Hoza, B., Shoulberg, E. K., Tompkins, C. L., Meyer, L. E., Martin, C. P., Krasner, A., ... & Cook, H. (2021). Meeting a physical activity guideline in preschool and school readiness: a program evaluation. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 52, 719-727.
Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., Mikton, C., ... & Dunne, M. P. (2017). The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 2(8), e356-e366.
Ingwersen, J., Defeyter, M. A., Kennedy, D. O., Wesnes, K. A., & Scholey, A. B. (2007). A low glycaemic index breakfast cereal preferentially prevents children's cognitive performance from declining throughout the morning. Appetite, 49(1), 240-244.
Janus, M., & Duku, E. (2007). The school entry gap: Socioeconomic, family, and health factors associated with children's school readiness to learn. Early Education and Development, 18(3), 375-403.
Judge, S., & Jahns, L. (2007). Association of overweight with academic performance and social and behavioral problems: An update from the early childhood longitudinal study. Journal of School Health, 77(10), 672-678.
Jyoti, D. F., Frongillo, E. A., & Jones, S. J. (2005). Food insecurity affects school children's academic performance, weight gain, and social skills. The Journal of Nutrition, 135(12), 2831-2839.
Kamijo, K., Pontifex, M. B., O'Leary, K. C., Scudder, M. R., Wu, C. T., Castelli, D. M., & Hillman, C. H. (2011). The effects of an afterschool physical activity program on working memory in preadolescent children. Developmental Science, 14(5), 1046-1058.
Kosiecz, A., Taczała, J., Zdzienicka-Chyła, A., Woszczyńska, M., & Chrościńska-Krawczyk, M. (2019). The Level of Physical Fitness and Everyday Activities vs. Sensory Integration Processing Disorders in Preschool Children–Preliminary Findings. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 9(6), 319-324.
Lam, L. F., & Lawlis, T. R. (2017). Feeding the brain–The effects of micronutrient interventions on cognitive performance among school-aged children: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Nutrition, 36(4), 1007-1014.
Latorre Roman, P. A., Pinillos, F. G., Pantoja Vallejo, A., & Berrios Aguayo, B. (2017). Creativity and physical fitness in primary school‐aged children. Pediatrics International, 59(11), 1194-1199.
López-Gil, J. F., Oriol-Granado, X., Izquierdo, M., Ramírez-Vélez, R., Fernández-Vergara, O., Olloquequi, J., & García-Hermoso, A. (2020). Healthy lifestyle behaviors and their association with self-regulation in Chilean children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), 5676.
Ludyga, S., Gerber, M., Mücke, M., Brand, S., Weber, P., Brotzmann, M., & Pühse, U. (2020). The acute effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive flexibility and task-related heart rate variability in children with ADHD and healthy controls. Journal of Attention Disorders, 24(5), 693-703.
Mathiarasan, S., & Hüls, A. (2021). Impact of environmental injustice on children's health—interaction between air pollution and socioeconomic status. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 795.
Matricciani, L., Paquet, C., Galland, B., Short, M., & Olds, T. (2019). Children's sleep and health: a meta-review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 46, 136-150.
Morelli, T., Lieberman, L., Foley, J., & Folmer, E. (2014). An exergame to improve balance in children who are blind. FDG.
Nieto-López, M., Sánchez-López, M., Visier-Alfonso, M. E., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Jiménez-López, E., & Álvarez-Bueno, C. (2020). Relation between physical fitness and executive function variables in a preschool sample. Pediatric Research, 88(4), 623-628.
Parcel, G. S., Edmundson, E., Perry, C. L., Feldman, H. A., O'Hara‐Tompkins, N., Nader, P. R., ... & Stone, E. J. (1995). Measurement of self‐efficacy for diet‐related behaviors among elementary school children. Journal of School Health, 65(1), 23-27.
Paschen, L., Lehmann, T., Kehne, M., & Baumeister, J. (2019). Effects of acute physical exercise with low and high cognitive demands on executive functions in children: A systematic review. Pediatric Exercise Science, 31(3), 267-281.
Peers, C., Issartel, J., Behan, S., O'Connor, N., & Belton, S. (2020). Movement competence: Association with physical self-efficacy and physical activity. Human Movement Science, 70, 102582.
Priest, N., Paradies, Y., Trenerry, B., Truong, M., Karlsen, S., & Kelly, Y. (2013). A systematic review of studies examining the relationship between reported racism and health and wellbeing for children and young people. Social Science & Medicine, 95, 115-127.
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Sebire, S. J., Jago, R., Fox, K. R., Edwards, M. J., & Thompson, J. L. (2013). Testing a self-determination theory model of children's physical activity motivation: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10, 1-9.
Smith, K. E., & Pollak, S. D. (2020). Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 12(1), 1-15.
Su, J., Wu, Z., & Su, Y. (2018). Physical exercise predicts social competence and general well-being in chinese children 10 to 15 years old: A preliminary study. Child Indicators Research, 11, 1935-1949.
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Van Der Niet, A. G., Hartman, E., Smith, J., & Visscher, C. (2014). Modeling relationships between physical fitness, executive functioning, and academic achievement in primary school children. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(4), 319-325.
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Vysniauske, R., Verburgh, L., Oosterlaan, J., & Molendijk, M. L. (2020). The effects of physical exercise on functional outcomes in the treatment of ADHD: A meta-analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 24(5), 644-654.
Welk, G. J., Wood, K., & Morss, G. (2003). Parental influences on physical activity in children: An exploration of potential mechanisms. Pediatric Exercise Science, 15(1), 19-33.