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Portrait of a Learner PK-3

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Portrait of a Learner PK-3 > Factors > Physical Well-being

Physical Well-being

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Factor Connections

Hover to see how factors connect to Physical Well-being. Then click connected factors to explore strategies related to multiple factors.

How Physical Well-being connects to...

The benefits of physical health go beyond our bodies—our cognitive skills also improve with physical fitness and well-being. Physical Well-being involves proper nutrition, regular exercise, and quality Sleep. Students with good overall Physical Well-being benefit from improved cognitive skills, which in turn can boost academic performance. Physical Well-being, including exercise, can be especially important for those learners with ADHD as it can support cognition, mood, and focus.

Main Ideas

Physical Well-being is dependent on several important components:

  • Nutrition: Proper nutrition is an important part of Physical Well-being. Most students in the United States do not eat the recommended daily amount of fruits and vegetables, even though they are an essential component of a healthy diet and help children maintain a healthy weight. Sometimes this is due to limited access to these foods, particularly in lower SES homes.
  • Regular exercise: Increased participation in physical activities directly impacts cognitive skills, leading to enhanced academic performance. The Centers for Disease Control recommend that children ages six and up engage in physical activity for at least 60 minutes each day, most of which should be aerobic.
  • Sleep: Getting a sufficient amount of quality Sleep helps students' Physical Well-being, including their brain health. This in turn helps them learn as much as possible in the classroom and their daily lives.

Physical Well-being is also tightly intertwined with psychological well-being (see Emotion). Each can have a significant impact on the other, and this interplay ultimately defines a student's overall health. For example, stress in children can lead to increased levels of stress hormones, high blood pressure, obesity, and other negative effects. However, physical activity can promote wellness and academic achievement, because children who are given the opportunity to be physically active are often more alert following exercise. This can lead to increased Attention and memory, and may boost cognitive functioning more generally. Providing movement breaks throughout the school day can help students, especially those with ADHD, focus and learn more effectively. Schools and educators can support students' Physical Well-being by providing healthy food options, opportunities for physical activity, and supporting their student's emotional well-being.

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Research-Based Strategies For This Factor

Creating Visual Representations

Creating visual representations such as drawings, diagrams, graphs, and concept maps, whether student or teacher-generated, can help students process abstract concepts, enhancing understanding and retention of information.

Explaining Their Thinking

Students explaining their thinking during learning is a metacognitive process that involves actively self-questioning or being questioned while exploring new concepts, and explaining thoughts and reasoning in response.

Field Trips

Visiting places connected to classroom learning provides opportunities to add relevance to classroom topics and deepen understanding through firsthand experiences.

Games

Games support learning as learners engage with new information in fun and informal ways.

Gallery Walk

Gallery walks are ways of showcasing content and materials as multiple “exhibitions” for students to view and interact with as part of larger learning goals.

Cooperative Problem Solving

As learners work together to solve problems, they learn new strategies and practice Communication skills as they express their academic thinking.

Mnemonic Device

A mnemonic device is a creative way to support memory for new information using connections to current knowledge, for example by creating visuals, acronyms, or rhymes.

Read-Alouds

Read-alouds are an important part of developing young learners' foundational reading skills, and can occur both in the classroom and at home with the family, supporting the development of a strong Home Learning Environment.

Strengths-based Approach

A strengths-based approach is one where educators intentionally identify, communicate, and harness students' assets, across many aspects of the whole child, in order to empower them to flourish.

Goal Setting & Monitoring

Goal-setting and monitoring involves teachers working with students to set individualized academic or behavioral goals, plan actions to achieve those goals, and track progress.

Positive Self-talk

When students are able to encourage themselves through kind and motivating self-statements, they are practicing positive self-talk.

Gestures

Using motions to explain new concepts or ideas supports the ability to process new information and to convey thinking and conceptual understanding.

Music & Dance

Music and dance supports young learners in a myriad of ways, including supporting their engagement and motivation, connecting with cultural background, and offering structure during play.

Brief Instruction Steps

Providing instructional steps clearly and concisely can help learners understand classroom expectations and complete tasks efficiently.

Encourage Student Self-advocacy

Self-advocacy is the ability of an individual to understand and effectively express and assert their own rights, needs, desires, and interests.

Family Engagement

Family engagement happens when educators and schools collaborate with families to collectively support their child's learning in meaningful ways, both at school and at home.

Respectful Redirection

Respectful redirection, or error correction, outlines a clear and concise way that educators can provide feedback on behaviors that need immediate correction, in a positive manner.

Mnemonic Device

A mnemonic device is a creative way to support memory for new information using connections to current knowledge, for example by creating visuals, acronyms, or rhymes.

Spaced Practice

Spaced practice is a learning strategy that deliberately spaces out learning or study sessions over varying periods of time, with the purpose of increasing retention, understanding, and long-term knowledge acquisition.

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