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On June 22, 2021, we will launch updated strategies for the Math PK-2 model, as well as additional updates to the Navigator that highlight equity, SEL, and culturally responsive teaching. To learn more, visit our Site Updates (available in the "About" menu at the top of any page).
Hover to see how factors connect to Collaboration. Then click connected factors to explore strategies related to multiple factors.
Collaboration is the ability to work effectively and respectfully with diverse teams. It involves the ability to exercise flexibility and making compromises to accomplish a common goal along with a shared responsibility for collaborative work. It also includes children's ability to express their own, and listen to others' thoughts and ideas or needs. Collaboration can be influenced by various factors, including characteristics of the child, the immediate and surrounding context, and the larger cultural setting. How children engage in Collaboration is often guided by their understanding of social norms across contexts, and cultural socialization practices and expectations. Therefore children across different backgrounds may engage in peer Collaboration differently, as might children who have difficulty gauging social cues due to language-based learning disabilities or ADHD. While inattentiveness and impulsivity are often barriers to engagement for children with ADHD, research has also found that even young children with ADHD who don't display perceived “behavior problems” are still often less engaged. When children are able to learn with and from each other this can strengthen their Social Awareness and Relationship Skills. Collaboration helps students to think more deeply and creatively, make friends, learn at school and beyond, and form beliefs about the world and others.
Collaboration is a multifaceted skill that involves Communicating with others, resolving conflicts, and managing tasks. When students are truly collaborating, they are not only working alongside one another (i.e., cooperating) but they are working together towards the same shared goal. With Collaboration, each individual is held accountable for work of the team, ensuring individual contributions are valued. Educators can create inclusive classroom environments that foster Collaboration by encouraging children across all different skill levels and backgrounds to use their strengths and to learn and participate in the same activities, tasks, and routines by providing the required scaffolding. High levels of meaningful inclusion supports students with diverse interests and abilities by allowing them to bring their own strengths, skills, and practices, from home to the classroom.
Socialization practices and cultural paradigms for learning together or dividing roles can contribute to differences in Collaboration, which can in turn contribute to children's Motivation to engage in peer collaboration. While social interactions are typically scaffolded in urban Western populations, in other communities in the U.S., such as Indigenous communities or farming communities, children may learn to collaborate through observation and active, playful participation in daily chores and practices without much adult supervision.
Further, children who are supported in Collaboration, and those who experience positive Emotion through Collaboration, may be more likely to collaborate, and this success with simple Collaboration motivates children to engage in complex collaboration Therefore, it is important that educators consider cultural differences and culturally-specific social behaviors in their teaching practice, aim to support children in experiencing positive emotions during Collaboration activities, and use a variety of collaborative learning approaches in the classroom. In early childhood, Collaboration is best experienced and supported through various forms of play, which offers a safe context for children to explore new skills, negotiate social roles, to recognize and respond to their own and others' feelings, share, follow rules, and resolve conflicts.
Project-based learning (PBL) actively engages learners in authentic tasks designed to create products or design solutions that answer a given question or solve a problem.
Students explaining their thinking during learning is a metacognitive process that involves actively self-questioning or being questioned while exploring new concepts, and explaining thoughts and reasoning in response.
Free choice is when children have free or limited choice over their activities as they learn, and is child-directed rather than teacher-directed.
Games support learning as learners engage with new information in fun and informal ways.
Guided play is when a child is actively engaged in a playful learning environment, with an adult supporting their play and learning..
Gallery walks are ways of showcasing content and materials as multiple “exhibitions” for students to view and interact with as part of larger learning goals.
Flexible grouping is a classroom practice that temporarily places students together in given groups to work together, with the purpose of achieving a given learning goal or activity.
As learners work together to solve problems, they learn new strategies and practice Communication skills as they express their academic thinking.
Think-Pair-Share (TPS), also known as Turn & Talk (T&T), is when the teacher pauses instruction so students can discuss a topic or prompt in pairs or small groups, to enhance engagement, language development, and learning outcomes.
Communication boards are displays of graphics (e.g., pictures, symbols, illustrations) and/or words where learners can gesture, touch, or point to the displays to extend their expressive language potential.
Using motions to explain new concepts or ideas supports the ability to process new information and to convey thinking and conceptual understanding.
Music and dance supports young learners in a myriad of ways, including supporting their engagement and motivation, connecting with cultural background, and offering structure during play.
Physical activity and recess in early childhood provides social, physical, and mental benefits to learners.
Discussing emotions with children consists of supporting their ability to identify, label, and manage their feelings.
Developing cultural awareness as an educator is an ongoing process that includes a recognition and appreciation for the full diversity of students and an understanding of how one's own Identity intersects with students' identities.
Equitable grading systems and practices reimagine how to communicate student progress and mastery through various methods that reduce subjectivity and increase opportunities to learn.
Translanguaging is a flexible classroom practice enabling students to listen, speak, read, and write across their multiple languages or dialects, even if the teacher does not have formal knowledge of these additional languages.
Physical activity and recess in early childhood provides social, physical, and mental benefits to learners.
Feedback is the process of providing learners with information about their learning to support their progress and improvement, which can come from a range of sources, including teachers and peers.
A rubric is a tool that communicates expectations for success for students and can include symbols or charts that are easy for young students to understand.
Flexible seating refers to the practice of offering students a range of work surfaces, seating sizes and heights, movement, and varied body positions in the classroom.
Interactive writing activities for young learners can include cooperative activities to practice their foundational writing skills and can support engagement with content knowledge as they write and draw to reflect upon what they have learned.
Spaced practice is a learning strategy that deliberately spaces out learning or study sessions over varying periods of time, with the purpose of increasing retention, understanding, and long-term knowledge acquisition.
Retrieval practice requires students to access information, or get information “out” from Long-term memory in order to support better retention and understanding.
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Learner variability is the recognition that each learner is a unique constellation of strengths and challenges that are interconnected across the whole child. Understanding these connections and how they vary according to context is essential for meeting the needs of each learner.
It disrupts the notion of a one-size-fits all education. Understanding learner variability helps educators embrace both students’ struggles and strengths as we connect practice to uplifting the whole learner.
Throughout the site, we talk about "factors" and "strategies." Factors are concepts research suggests have an impact on how people learn. Strategies are the approaches to teaching and learning that can be used to support people in how they learn best.
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On this page, using your heatmap, you will be asked to select factors to further explore, and then select new strategies you might incorporate into upcoming instruction. Once done, click “Show Summary" to view your Design Summary Report.
On this page, using your heatmap, you will be asked to select factors to further explore, and then select new strategies you might incorporate into upcoming instruction. Once done, click “Show Report” to view your Design Summary Report.
By selecting "Show Report" you will be taken to the Assessment Summary Page. Once created, you will not be able to edit your report. If you select cancel below, you can continue to edit your factor and strategy selections.
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Learner variability is the recognition that each learner is a unique constellation of strengths and challenges that are interconnected across the whole child. Understanding these connections and how they vary according to context is essential for meeting the needs of each learner. It embraces both students’ struggles and strengths. It considers the whole child.
Throughout the site, we talk about "factors" and "strategies." Factors are concepts research suggests have an impact on how people learn. Strategies are the approaches to teaching and learning that can be used to support people in how they learn best.
The Learner Variability Navigator is a free, online tool that translates the science of learner variability into factor maps and strategies that highlight connections across the whole learner. This puts the science of learning at teachers' fingertips, empowering them to understand their own practice and support each learner.