Teachers support language development by using and providing vocabulary and syntax that is appropriately leveled (e.g., using simple sentences when introducing complex concepts).

Adding motions to complement learning activates more cognitive processes for recall and understanding.

Visualizing how ideas fit together helps students construct meaning and strengthens their recall.

A mnemonic device is a creative way to support memory for new information using connections to current knowledge, for example by creating visuals, acronyms, or rhymes.

Content that is provided in clear, short chunks can support students' Working Memory.

Brain breaks that include movement allow learners to refresh their thinking and focus on learning new information.

Instruction in multiple formats allows students to activate different cognitive skills to understand and remember the steps they are to take in their literacy work.

Books of varying complexity and reading levels are necessary for all students to experience reading success.

Students build their confidence and skills by reading and rereading books.

Providing tools so learners can choose to listen to a text supports individual strengths and needs.

Visual supports, like text magnification, colored overlays, and guided reading strips, help students focus and properly track as they read.

CRA is a sequential instructional approach during which students move from working with concrete materials to creating representational drawings to using abstract symbols.

Students activate more cognitive processes by exploring and representing their understandings in visual form.

Providing physical and virtual representations of numbers and math concepts helps activate mental processes.

Checklists and rubrics help students develop their abilities to self-assess and revise their writing.

Dictation can allow students with transcription difficulties to still participate in the writing process and generate ideas.

Sentence frames or stems provide language support for students' writing and participation in academic discussions.

Research has shown that students write longer pieces with stronger quality when they use word processing software.