Teachers can help students understand that learning involves effort, mistakes, and reflection by teaching them about their malleable brain and modeling their own learning process.

Family engagement happens when educators and schools collaborate with families to collectively support their child's learning in meaningful ways, both at school and at home.

Actively and authentically encouraging all students to seek support, ask questions, and advocate for what they believe in creates a safe space for risk-taking and skill development and supports a Sense of Belonging.

Maintaining consistent routines, structures, and supports ensures that students are able to trust and predict what will happen next.

As students are learning to read, they benefit from explicit, systematic phonics instruction.

Through one-on-one conferences, teachers can provide individual support to each student to deepen comprehension and interest in reading.

Formal spelling instruction improves not only students' spelling skills but also their reading skills.

Instruction in multiple formats allows students to activate different cognitive skills to understand and remember the steps they are to take in their reading work.

Listening comprehension and Decoding are the foundational components of reading comprehension.

Dictation, also referred to as speech-to-text, an assistive communication technology that translates voice dictation to digital text, provides students with transcription difficulties the opportunity to participate in the writing process by allowing them to use their voice to generate and record ideas.

Providing tools so learners can choose to listen to a text supports individual strengths and needs.

Games help students practice their literacy skills in a fun, applied context.

Having students teach their knowledge, skills, and understanding to their classmates strengthens learning.

When students have meaningful conversations about math and use math vocabulary, they develop the thinking, questioning, and explanation skills needed to master mathematical concepts.

Providing physical representations of numbers and math concepts helps activate mental processes.

CRA is a sequential instructional approach during which students move from working with concrete materials to creating representational drawings to using abstract symbols.