Explicit Instruction: Computer Basics
Overview
In an increasingly digital world, adults who struggle with using technology can benefit from direct instruction for an array of digital tools. This type of instruction, which supports Digital Literacy, includes understanding the basic functions of computer hardware (trackpads, monitors, and USB components) and navigating basic digital functions (setting up email accounts, using search engines, starting files). Adults who are explicitly taught how to use digital technology often show improvements in Composition skills and Disciplinary Literacy, specifically when using technology for health purposes. One-on-one direct instruction tailored to the learner is most effective.
Use It In Your Learning Environment
During periods of direct instruction, instructors should explicitly teach the components of basic computer skills. Instructors should have access to technology to walk learners through the individual process as they model and discuss the different skills. Instructors should be cautious of using technical jargon that can exacerbate negative Emotions surrounding computer use with adults, especially with the elderly. It is also important to convey that in order to keep up with technological advances, it is essential to develop a Learner Mindset with a willingness and ability to learn new technologies. So, elderly learners may benefit from both direct instruction and mentoring to foster continued interest and Motivation.
Explicit lessons can be done in person or virtually through a variety of learning platforms. Virtual lessons can include instructor-created slideshow presentations, videos, and audio files that walk learners through the different processes in easy-to-access formats. Directions for access should be clearly explained and modeled. These lessons should be stored to allow on-demand access for frequent rehearsal. This practice helps learners retain information into Long-term Memory and can help learners troubleshoot when they are using digital tools in real-time. Products should include chat and comment features to allow learners to interact with instructors, particularly when they have questions or concerns.
Additional Resources
Additional examples, research, and professional development. These resources are possible representations of this strategy, not endorsements.
Factors Supported by this Strategy
More Instructional Approaches Strategies
When adults can connect and communicate with authentic audiences about their interests and values, learning becomes more personally meaningful and relevant.
When designing instruction for adults, expectations and goals should be clearly outlined to help learners focus on the material and make plans for success.
Competency-based learning is self-paced, focused on mastery, and centered around demonstrating learning outcomes and skills rather than where or how they were attained.
Teaching learners how to effectively search the internet is critical for helping them learn how to find accurate and relevant information and aids in developing information literacy.
Direct instruction in math strategies may support some adult learners once conceptual understanding is in place.
Research shows that, along with traditional reading comprehension strategies, learners use unique strategies to read the non-linear, hyperlinked structure of online texts.
Adult learners who are struggling with Foundational Reading Skills, including decoding and phonemic awareness, can benefit from explicitly learning phonics skills in an educational setting.
Seeing and using new words repeatedly and across contexts is critical for vocabulary acquisition.
Formative assessment is "assessment for learning" rather than "assessment of learning".
Opportunities for students to practice skills in context, with instructor support and also independently, helps to move concepts and ideas into Long-term Memory.
Intentionally incorporating voice and choice into adult learning experiences is critical for making learning meaningful and relevant.
Metaphors and analogies can support learners by helping to form connections and to notice patterns and similarities that promote learning, self-concept, and higher order thinking.
Mindfulness is a practice to create internal balance and a sense of being present in the moment.
Instruction and training presented in multiple formats allows learners to activate different cognitive skills and Background Knowledge that are necessary to remember procedural and content information.
Using multiple methods of assessment can help educators gain a comprehensive understanding of learner progress across a wide range of skills and content.
When instructors ask questions or have learners create questions before introducing a text, they activate interest, increase Motivation, and help them assess what they already know about a given topic.
Process-based writing focuses on how learners brainstorm, outline, draft, and revise their writing and is most effective when paired with feedback, especially for English language learners.
When instructors are able to provide context, and connect math concepts to an adult learner's world, math can be seen as relevant and applicable to their daily lives and work- a core aspect of adult Numeracy.
Learning and studying information across multiple sessions that are spaced, or distributed in time, can promote learning and long-term retention of both basic and conceptually complex facts and concepts.
A strengths-based approach is one where educators intentionally identify, communicate, and harness learners' assets to empower them to flourish.
